Purpose : The aim of this study is to identify where and how adolescents acquire cigarettes and how many were asked for identification while purchasing cigarettes. Methods : This study was conducted in 2003; participants were 2,200 students in middle and high schools, aged from 13 to 18 years old(males 1,098; females 1,102) in Ansan, Korea. The questionnaire assured them of... |
Constipation is very common phenomenon during childhood that accounts approximately 3% of general pediatric outpatient visits and up to 25% of visit to the pediatric gastroenterologist. The diagnosis of functional constipation is based on the historical features and absence of physical abnormalities. Most infants and children with chronic constipation require no diagnostic tests. Constipation and subsequent fecal retention behavior often... |
Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital anomalies that arise early in gestation from abnormal budding of the developing respiratory system. Mediastinal bronchogenic cysts account for 10-15 percent of all primary mediastinal masses; 63.7 percent of patients are symptomatic. Common symptoms are fever, chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Gastrointestinal symptoms except dysphagia are rare. It can be life threatening with compression,... |
Interstitial lung disease refers to a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation of the interstitium, derangements and loss of alveolar capillary units leading to disruption of alveolar gas exchange, which induces symptoms of restrictive lung disease. Cases of interstitial pneumonia in children are uncommon and mostly have unknown causes. We have experienced an 8-year old boy who had symptoms... |
Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to access the prevalence of orthostatic dysregulation(OD) and the frequency of each category for major and minor criteria among elementary school students using the OD questionnaire. Methods : We carried out inquiry by questionnaire as to the frequency of OD among two elementary schools with 725 students, 10 to 12 years of... |
Purpose : Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) is a systemic vasculitis, characterized by cutaneous palpable purpura, gastrointestinal(GI) symptoms, arthritis and renal involvement. In general, the prognosis is determined by GI complication as well as the severity of nephritis. In this study, we analyzed the statistical relationship between the GI symptom and other clinical findings for assessing the prognosis, and evaluated abdominal ultrasonographic... |
Purpose : To determine incidence, characteristics and risk factors associated with intrauterine intraventricular hemorrhage(IU-IVH) among premature infants. Methods : The medical records of infants with intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Asan Medical Center from January 1999 to June 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Infants whose IVH with cystic change were detected within five days of life were... |
Aplastic anemia following acute hepatitis or acute hepatic failure is an uncommon disease and has a poor prognosis. We experienced a case of aplastic anemia following acute hepatic failure in a 10- year-old girl. She was admitted because of jaundice and lethargy for 8 days. Laboratory findings revealed marked elevated serum transaminases and bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time and partial... |
Purpose : Acute gastroenteritis in infancy is a very common disease with a frequency of a billion diarrhea per year, leading to 3 to 5 million deaths. Since the etiology is not always clear, the treatment plan can be quite difficult to make. The laboratory examinations of stool culture, along with complete blood counts may sometimes be helpful to find... |
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and the courses and effects of long-term treatment, and to analyze the association between clinical features and duration of therapy in chronic functional constipation in children. Methods : This study enrolled 57 children with chronic functional constipation who were treated in the Eulji Hospital for more than... |
Dieulafoy's lesion is an unusual cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from the erosion of an abnormally large submucosal artery. Recently, improvement of endoscopic techniques has made effective hemostasis possible in most cases of Dieulafoy's lesion. Aspirin, which is an anti-inflammatory agent, increases the incidence of major upper gastrointestinal complications. Gastroduodenal mucosal injury associated with aspirin therapy in patients in... |
Purpose : Recently, there has been a marked increase in childhood obesity, and that has aroused social concern. Obesity increases several metabolic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, fatty liver, heart disease and the mortality rate. Complications of obesity are more closely related with the accumulation of visceral fat. Therefore, fundamental treatment of obesity Should be the reduction of body fat.... |
Isolated relapse of myeloid leukemia as a granulocytic sarcoma(GS) following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(BMT) is very rare manifestation, and usually associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of isolated intracranial GS in an infant with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) following unrelated BMT. A 7 month-old girl was diagnosed with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). During observation for a couple... |
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease(KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a self-limited systemic illness and it has the pathognomonic histological appearance of lymph nodes. KFD is rarely associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The diagnosis of KFD can precede, postdate or coincide with the diagnosis of SLE. Our case describes a young woman, originally diagnosed as having Kikuchi's disease by lymph... |
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS) is a rare disorder in children. The incidence of SRUS is highest in young adults, and sex distribution is equal, or there may be a slight female predominance. There are few investigations about the exact incidences and effective treatment protocols of SRUS in children. The clinical symptoms and signs of SRUS are accompanied by rectal bleeding,... |
Objective : A probable diagnosis of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome(WAS) should be considered in any boy presenting with unusual bleeding, congenital thrombocytopenia and small platelets. The definitive diagnosis of WAS is usually made by the detection of WASP gene mutation or a decrease or absence of the WAS protein(WASP) in blood cells using molecular genetic analysis. However, these methods are too time-consuming... |
Purpose : In order to clarify the role of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in recurrent abdominal pain, we investigated prospectively the effect of eradication of H. pylori based on symptom improvement in children with recurrent abdominal pain. Methods : Children with recurrent abdominal pain were evaluated with diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule out peptic ulcer disease, etc. During endoscopy, biopsies were... |
Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon cause of recurrent massive gastrointestinal bleeding resulting from an abnormally large submucosal artery that protrudes through a small mucosal defect. Incidence of Dieulafoy's lesion as a source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding ranges from 0.3 to 6.7% in adults. But recently, the incidence is on an increasing trend by advanced endoscopic diagnostic technique. Lesions may occur... |
Purpose : Intestinal vascular ischemia is the most probable pathogenesis in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in prematures. The authors studied the histology of intestinal mucosal damage by clamping the superior mesenteric artery in 35 rats, and, analyzed the histologic scores between young rats(I) and adult rats(II) groups according to clamping times(15, 30 and 60 minutes) and compared the effect... |
Purpose : To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography(USG) and abdominal computerized tomography(CT) and the possibility of reducing unnecessary appendectomy rate with improvement of diagnostic accuracy using optional CT with USG. Methods : From January 1999 to May 2003, 496 patients younger than 14 years received surgical intervention with preoperative impression of acute appendicitis. They were devided into three groups no... |
Purpose : Nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight(VLBW) infants were known to be caused by a longer duration of furosemide use. However, etiologies, pathogenesis and risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the incidence and risk factors of nephrocalcinosis in VLBW infants retrospectively. Methods : Inborn babies of birth weights less than 1,500 gm were examined retrospectively. Data were reviewed on... |
Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is mainly acquired in childhood. The prevalence of infection is still highest in children in the developing world. There has been a need for clinical guidelines for H. pylori infection in children. Therefore, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and the European Paediatric Task Force on H. pylori achieved consensus and developed clinical... |
Congenital megacystis with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis is most commonly associated with posterior urethral valves, prune-belly syndrome, vesicoureteral reflux, or nonrefluxing, nonobstructive megaureters. Among the other cause of congenital megacystis, megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome(MMIHS), which is characterized by megacystis, microcolon and hypoperistalsis of the intestines with resultant abdominal distension, is a rare cause of functional obstruction of urinary tracts in childhood. It was... |
Purpose : In 1970, the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster(BFM) group introduced an intensification therapy after remission induction to reduce relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) in childhood. Delayed intensification(DI) phase has been included for treatment of ALL in our hospital since the mid-1990s. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome with vs. without DI phase and the outcome with two vs.... |
Purpose : Chest pain in the pediatric population is not rare and mostly benign. Causes of chest pain are diverse, and differential diagnosis is not easy. Chest pain in children is less likely to be cardiac in origin. Furthermore, chest pain in the pediatric population is rarely associated with life-threatening disease. This study was designed to evaluate children with chest... |
Purpose : This study was conducted to assess clinical practices related to the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute gastrointestinal infection(AGI) in infants and children. This survey also evaluated the current opinion regarding the use of rotavirus vaccine. Methods : This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire provided to 82 pediatricians in private clinics of Jeonbuk province. From April... |
Human parvovirus(HPV) B19 infection causes erythema infectiosum in children, sometimes red cell aplastic crisis with hemolytic anemia and chronic bone marrow failure in immunocompromised hosts. HPV B19 is directly cytotoxic for erythroid progenitor cells and inhibits erythropoiesis. Infrequently, HPV B19 inhibits hematopoiesis of three cell lineages and causes transient pancytopenia in patients with hemolytic disorders. We report three patients with... |
Purpose : Polyethylene glycol(PEG) with electrolytes has been used for intestinal clearance for colonoscopy and operations in children. But its efficacy and safety for disimpaction in children with chronic functional constipation has been studied little. Methods : This study enrolled 26 patients with chronic functional constipation(11 children had failed to disimpaction by conventional management at OPD) who were admitted to the... |
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a reactive disorder characterized by a generalized non-malignant histiocytic proliferation with prominent hemophagocytosis by stimulated histiocytes in the bone marrow and reticuloendothelial systems resulting in pancytopenia and liver dysfunction. Several diseases including infection, malignancy and autoimmune disease are known to be causative disorders. This case demonstrated histiocytic hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, resulting in pancytopenia during treatment... |
Intestinal lymphangiectasia, one of the protein-losing gastroenteropathies, is an uncommon disease characterized by dilated intestinal lymphatics, enteric protein loss, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and lympocytopenia. Small bowel biopsy and CT have been used to confirm the diagnosis of intestinal lymphangiectasia. Small bowel biopsy shows collections of abnormal dilated lacteals in submucosa with distortion of villi and CT findings have been described as... |